ARTICLES
Saint Joan of Arc or The Maid of Orléans Jeanne d'Arc, 1412[2] 30 May 1431) is considered a national heroine of France and a Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France who claimed Divine guidance, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War which paved the way for the coronation of Charles VII. She was captured by the Burgundians, sold to the English, tried by an ecclesiastical court, and burned at the stake when she was nineteen years old.[3] Twenty-five years after the execution, Pope Callixtus III examined the trial, pronounced her innocent and declared her a martyr.[3] She was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920.[2] She is, along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours, St. Louis IX, and St. Theresa of Lisieux, one of the patron saints of France. Joan asserted that she had visions from God which instructed her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days. Several more swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims and settled the disputed succession to the throne. Down to the present day, Joan of Arc has remained a significant figure in Western culture. From Napoleon onward, French politicians of all leanings have invoked her memory. Famous writers and composers who have created works about her include: Shakespeare (Henry VI, Part 1), Voltaire (La Pucelle d'Orléans), Schiller (Die Jungfrau von Orléans ), Verdi (Giovanna d'Arco), Tchaikovsky (Орлеанская дева), Mark Twain (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc), Jean Anouilh (L'Alouette), Bertolt Brecht (Die heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe), George Bernard Shaw (Saint Joan), and Maxwell Anderson (Joan of Lorraine). Depictions of her continue in film, theater, television, video games, music, and performance. We do not guarantee any garment against damage occurring from dry cleaning or home laundering. Joan of Arc
Saint Joan of Arc
Saint
Born
ca. 1412
Domrémy, Holy Roman Empire
Died
30 May 1431 (aged 19)
Rouen, France (Then England)
Venerated in
Roman Catholic Church
Anglican Communion
Beatified
April 18, 1909, Notre Dame de Paris by Pope Pius X
Canonized
May 16, 1920, St. Peter's Basilica, Rome by Pope Benedict XV
Feast
May 30
Patronage
France ; martyrs; captives; military personnel; people ridiculed for their piety; prisoners; soldiers, women who have served in the U.S. WAVES (Women Appointed for Voluntary Emergency Service); and U.S. Women's Army Corps
Most of the meerschaum of commerce is obtained from Asia Minor, chiefly from the plain of Eskițehirin Turkey, between Istanbuland Ankara. It occurs there in irregular nodular masses, in alluvial deposits, which are extensively worked for its extraction. It is said that in this district there are 4000 shafts leading to horizontal galleries for extraction of the meerschaum. The principal workings are at Sepetçi Ocaðý and Kemikçi Ocaðý, about 20 miles southeast of Eskițehir. The mineral is associated with magnesite(magnesium carbonate), the primitive source of both minerals being a serpentine.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Guilloché (Guilloche) is an engraving technique in which a very precise intricate repetitive patternor design is mechanically etched into an underlying material with fine detail. Specifically, it involves a technique of engine turning, called guilloché in Frenchafter the French engineer Guillot, who invented a machine that could scratch fine patterns and designs on metallic surfaces. The machine improved upon the more time-consuming practice of making similar designs by hand, allowing for greater delicacy, precision, and closeness of the line, as well as greater speed.
Another account gives the credit of inventing this method to Hans Schwanhardt (- 1621) and the spreading of it, to his son-in-law Jacob Heppner (1645).
Yet another account is that it derives from the Frenchword for an engraving tool, not the engine turning machine.
Guilloche is a repetitive architectural pattern used in classical Greece and Rome of two ribbons winding around a series of regular central points. These central points are often blank, but may contain a figure, such as a rose. Guilloche is a back-formation from guilloché, so called because the architectural motif resembles the designs produced by Guilloche techniques.
Guilloche describes a narrow instance of guilloche: a design, frequently architectural, using two curved bands that interlace in a pattern around a central space. Some dictionaries give only this definition of guilloche, although others include the broader meaning associated with guilloché as a second meaning. Note that in the original sense, even a straight line can be guilloché, and persons using the French spelling and pronunciation generally intend the broader, original meaning. Translucent enamelwas applied over guilloché metal by Peter Carl Fabergéon the Faberge eggsand other pieces from the 1880s.
Buying vintage clothing means you are buying a piece of history. Each item has been previously worn and well loved. In an effort to offer the best prices possible, we do not clean most items, unless noted, and you should expect to launder your item.
In most cases, a dry cleaning or hand washing is necessary, as a spin in the washing machine will be more rigorous than most garments can bear.
~Ensure that your vintage garment is washable before putting it in water. Some fabrics will shrink and others will not be colorfast. Do a spot test by placing a drop of water on an inner seam and letting it dry. If the fabric puckers or the dye runs, take the garment to your drycleaner.
~For fabrics that pass the water drop test, hand launder in warm water with a gentle soap. Always support the garment fully when wet, as some older fabrics may be weak. Rinse the garment thoroughly and lay flat to dry. Never put your vintage garment in the dryer.
~For items with spots or stains, we recommend soaking in Biz. Dissolve the Biz in very hot water first, and then add your vintage garment after the water cools a bit. You can soak your garment for several hours. Repeated treatments will help with stubborn stains.
~Always dry clean rayon, silk, wool, velvet, any garment that is lined, and any garment with beading.
~Use only a dry cleaner you trust and be sure he knows your garment is vintage and needs special attention before you walk away! Always remove vintage buttons and buckles before cleaning so they are not damaged. If you cannot find a dry cleaner, you trust, consult the owner of your local vintage clothing store, or contact a nearby museum with a textile collection and find out whom they use.
~Never store your vintage garments on wire hanger. Garments should be hung on padded hangers with plenty of room to breathe. Knits and rayons should always be stored folded, never hung. Store your vintage garments in a cool, dark area. Light can fade many vintage fabrics, especially rayon, silk, and cotton. Avoid storing vintage in areas that experience extremes in temperature, such as attics, or in areas that become damp, such as basements or porches.
~Never store your vintage garments in plastic. If you want to cover your Garments, use muslin bags or old cotton pillowcases.
